Telogen effluvium is probably the second most common form of hair
loss dermatologists see. It is a poorly defined condition; very little research
has been done to understand. In essence though, happens when there is a change
in the number of hair follicles growing hair. If the number of hair follicles
producing hair drops significantly for any reason during the resting, or
telogen phase, there will be a significant increase in dormant, telogen stage
hair follicles. The result is shedding, hair loss.
Some hair loss conditions go by
the name "effluvium," which means an outflow. Effluviums
characteristically affect different phases of the hair growth cycle. Hair
follicles on the scalp do not continuously produce hair. They cycle through a
growth stage that can last two or more years, and then regress to a resting
stage for up to two months before starting to grow a new hair fiber again. At
any time on a healthy human scalp, about 80% to 90% of the hair follicles are
growing hair. These active follicles are in what is called the anagen phase.
That leaves up to 10% to 20% percent of scalp hair follicles in a resting state
called telogen, when they don't produce any hair fiber.
It is normal to lose up to about
100 hairs a day on one's comb, brush, in the sink or on the pillow. This is the
result of the normal hair growth cycle. Hairs will grow for a few years, then
rest for a few months, shed, and re grow. Telogen is the name for the resting
stage of the hair growth cycle. A telogen effluvium is when some stress causes
hair roots to be pushed prematurely into the resting state. Telogen effluvium
can be acute or chronic.
If there is some "shock to the system", as many as 70% of the head hair are then shed in huge numbers about 2 months after the "shock". This unexpected increase in loss locks, usually described as the locks coming out in handfuls, is serious telogen effluvium. This is a different problem than constant inherited loss locks. However, this can be seen in the less typical serious telogen effluvium, only after a lot of locks has already been lost. Several different causes for telogen effluvium exist. Among the typical causes are high fevers, giving birth, serious infections, serious serious sickness, serious emotional stress, major surgery or diseases, over or under active thyroid, flat with insufficient protein, and a variety of medications. Most hair loss from medications is this type and causes include
retinoids, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, antidepressants. At
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